The focus of my research is on studying behaviors of people in different domains and on research methodology and data analysis issues. Some of my publications are listed below.
2022
A Conceptual Review of Churn in Business
Valluri, Chandrasekhar, Vivek H. Patil, and Sudhakar Raju
Journal of Management and Marketing Research, Forthcoming 2022
The first part of this paper outlines the various types of churn (customer, business and employee) and how each of these churn types have been studied in extant literature. Consequently, a more comprehensive definition of churn that is grounded on the notion of various types of partnerships (B2C, B2B and B2E) is outlined. The authors develop a churn framework after analyzing leading research in marketing and non-marketing journals. They determine that churn can be attributed to a combination of both entity and non-entity characteristics, although entity characteristics appear to be more common. Methodologically, churn continues to be studied through various supervised learning methods in a variety of industries. Finally, a proactive approach to churn management consisting of various propositions that link each of the churn types to firm profitability is outlined. It is the authors hope that future churn research adopt the suggested empirical based approach.
@article{22valluripatilsudhakar,title={ A Conceptual Review of Churn in Business},bibtex_show={true},author={Valluri and Chandrasekhar and Patil, Vivek H. and Raju, Sudhakar},journal={Journal of Management and Marketing Research, Forthcoming},year={2022}}
From Research to Practice: Incorporating Consumer Bankruptcy into Community Development Initiatives
This manuscript presents a case study illustrating how simple, visual analytics tools can be used to longitudinally assess consumer bankruptcy filings in a single community. In doing so, it provides a template for leaders in other communities to follow in conducting their own assessments. The case study focuses on the Logan neighborhood in Spokane, WA, a blue collar neighborhood which is home to Gonzaga University. This allows for simple comparisons to assess evolutionary changes in bankruptcy filings, within the Logan neighborhood over time, as well as comparisons to other Spokane neighborhoods that have less diversity and higher mean incomes.
@article{22hackneyfriesnerpatil,bibtex_show={true},title={From Research to Practice: Incorporating Consumer Bankruptcy into Community Development Initiatives},author={Hackney and Donald and Friesner, Dan and Patil, Vivek},journal={Community Development},volume={0},number={0},pages={1-14},year={2022},publisher={Routledge},doi={10.1080/15575330.2022.2028302},url={ https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2022.2028302},eprint={ https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2022.2028302}}
First-Author Gender Differentials in Business Journal Publishing: Top Journals versus the Rest
Prior literature suggests that the publication rates of female academics are less than the publication rates of male academics. This holds true in nearly every academic field and in every region, but these differences are declining over time. Women also are underrepresented in the first-author byline position. This study examines academics working and publishing in different business disciplines, and it addresses three distinct topics. It investigates (1) whether there is a relationship between the gender of first-listed authors of articles published and the ranking of journals; (2) it considers the relationship between the gender of the first-listed author of articles and different disciplines within business, specifically accounting, business technology, marketing, and organizational behavior; and (3) it evaluates how the publication rates of the two genders of first authors change over a 20-year period (1999–2018) for different disciplines. This research demonstrates that the gender gap is closing for female first authors in business academics, but that parity has not yet been reached. Women continue to be published less frequently in first-author positions in journals across all business disciplines studied, but especially in the higher-ranked journals, albeit with significant differences between business academic disciplines.
@article{22joanispatil,bibtex_show={true},title={ First-Author Gender Differentials in Business Journal Publishing: Top Journals versus the Rest},author={Joanis and T., Steven and Patil, Vivek H.},journal={Scientometrics},volume={127},pages={733-761},year={2022},doi={10.1007/s11192-021-04235-z},url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04235-z}}
2021
Customer Determinants of Used Auto Loan Churn: Comparing Predictive Performance Using Machine Learning Techniques
Valluri, Chandrasekhar, Sudhakar Raju, and Vivek H. Patil
This paper addresses the use of a customer character model as a determinant of used auto loan churn among a unique population of subprime borrowers. The customer character model (i.e restricted model) is compared to a full model consisting of the 4 Cs of capacity, collateral, credit, and character of churn prediction. The results reveal that there is a difference between the full model and the customer character model. Additionally, different supervised classification methods, such as logistic regression (LR), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), decision trees (DTs), and random forests (RFs), are applied and compared in terms of multiple predictive performance measures. The RF classification measures report the strongest performance. Additionally, different classification methods suggest the importance of different customer character variables. Therefore, from a practical perspective, effective borrower character screening is recommended to determine customer profiles more accurately for the purposes of target marketing and customer retention. This study also deepens understanding of subprime credit markets and reveals additional insights to credit screening using machine learning techniques.
@article{21vallurisudhakarpatil,bibtex_show={true},title={ Customer Determinants of Used Auto Loan Churn: Comparing Predictive Performance Using Machine Learning Techniques},author={Valluri and Chandrasekhar and Raju, Sudhakar and Patil, Vivek H.},journal={Journal of Marketing Analytics},year={2021},doi={10.1057/s41270-021-00135-6},url={ https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-021-00135-6}}
Visualization of Statistically Significant Correlation Coefficients From a Correlation Matrix: A Call For a Change in Practice
Correlation matrices are tabular numerical displays of correlation coefficients that provide information on pairwise relationships between variables. Often times, they provide information about the statistical significance of correlation coefficients, usually at multiple levels of significance. In two studies, we provide evidence that commonly used formats for displaying statistical significance, namely, the use of different number of asterisks and the use of absolute values, are inefficient. Using lessons drawn from the literature on visual perception, we propose the use of variations in hue and intensity of numbers to reduce the amount of time and effort taken to glean information from correlation matrices. We also create and describe a web-based engine that can be used to implement these modified approaches to display correlation matrices.
@article{21patilfranken,bibtex_show={true},title={ Visualization of Statistically Significant Correlation Coefficients From a Correlation Matrix: A Call For a Change in Practice},author={Patil and H., Vivek and Franken, Frederick H.},journal={Journal of Marketing Analytics},volume={9},year={2021},pages={286-297},doi={10.1057/s41270-021-00120-z},url={https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-021-00120-z}}
Alphabetical Ordering of Author Surnames in Academic Publishing: A Detriment to Teamwork
Introduction In academia, many institutions use journal article publication productivity for making decisions on tenure and promotion, funding grants, and rewarding stellar scholars. Although non-alphabetical sequencing of article coauthoring by the spelling of surnames signals the extent to which a scholar has contributed to a project, many disciplines in academia follow the norm of alphabetical ordering of coauthors in journal publications. By assessing business academic publications, this study investigates the hypothesis that author alphabetical ordering disincentivizes teamwork and reduces the overall quality of scholarship. Methods To address our objectives, we accessed data from 21,353 articles published over a 20-year period across the four main business subdisciplines. The articles selected are all those published by the four highest-ranked journals (in each year) and four lower-ranked journals (in each year) for accounting, business technology, marketing, and organizational behavior. Poisson regression and binary logistic regression were utilized for hypothesis testing. Results This study finds that, although team size among business scholars is increasing over time, alphabetical ordering as a convention in journal article publishing disincentivizes author teamwork. This disincentive results in fewer authors per publication than for publications using contribution-based ordering of authors. Importantly, article authoring teamwork is related to article quality. Specifically, articles written by a single author typically are of lesser quality than articles published by coauthors, but the number of coauthors exhibits decreasing returns to scale—coauthoring teams of one to three are positively related to high-quality articles, but larger teams are not. Alphabetical ordering itself, however, is positively associated with quality even though it inhibits teamwork, but journal article coauthoring has a greater impact on article quality than does alphabetical ordering. Conclusions These findings have important implications for academia. Scholars respond to incentives, yet alphabetical ordering of journal article authors conflicts with what is beneficial for the progress of academic disciplines. Based on these findings, we recommend that, to drive the highest-quality research, teamwork should be incentivized—all fields should adopt a contribution-based journal article author-ordering convention and avoid author ordering based upon the spelling of surnames. Although this study was undertaken using articles from business journals, its findings should generalize across all academia.
@article{21joanispatil,bibtex_show={true},title={ Alphabetical Ordering of Author Surnames in Academic Publishing: A Detriment to Teamwork},doi={10.1371/journal.pone.0251176},author={Joanis and T., Steven and Patil, Vivek H.},journal={PLOS ONE},publisher={Public Library of Science},year={2021},month=may,volume={16},url={https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251176},pages={1-14},number={5}}
2020
A Concentric Framework for Leveraging Big Data for Business Value
Chuang, Ta-Tao, Kazuo Nakatani, and Vivek H. Patil
International Journal of Big Data Management May 2020
One focal area of big data research is to identify ways to create and reap business value from big data. Studies in this area have been based on one of three perspectives: architectural, strategical management and knowledge management. While these perspectives have academic and practical merits in isolation, they fail to integrate unique features of big data. To fill this void in the extant literature, we propose an integrated framework, which we call a concentric framework that differentiates value-adding factors of big data from those that affect technological requirements of a big data infrastructure. The concentric framework consists of three layers: explicit characteristics at the outer layer, implicit elements at the middle layer, and synergistic value in the core. We illustrate each layer of the framework using examples and identify tools and methods that can aid decision makers to use the framework for leveraging big data to create business value.
@article{20chuangnakatanipatil,bibtex_show={true},author={Chuang and Ta-Tao and Nakatani, Kazuo and Patil, Vivek H.},title={A Concentric Framework for Leveraging Big Data for Business Value},journal={International Journal of Big Data Management},volume={1},number={2},pages={166-180},year={2020},doi={10.1504/IJBDM.2020.112414},url={
https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJBDM.2020.112414
},eprint={
https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJBDM.2020.112414
}}
2019
Mission-related Outcomes Assessment at a Jesuit Catholic University
This research utilized an existing survey instrument to measure mission-related outcomes in students at a Jesuit university. The dimensions assessed by the survey included Magis; Cura Personalis; Diversity; Discernment; Ethics and Professional Responsibility; Community Action/Service; Social Justice; Finding God in All Things; Faith, Spirituality, and Religiosity; and Ego-comparative Identity. Mean comparisons between cohorts of entering freshman and graduating seniors were undertaken to assess mission-related development over the course of the undergraduate experience. Surprisingly, only two constructs (Ethics and Professional Responsibility and Ego-comparative Identity) showed evidence of the hypothesized growth, and four constructs (Cura Personalis, Community Action/Service, Finding God in All Things, and Faith, Spirituality, and Religiosity) yielded results in the opposite direction, such that freshman scores on each of this dimensions were significantly higher than senior scores, on average. Subsequent analyses additionally included gender and high school type to explore their possible primary and interactive effects on each of the mission dimensions. In addition, the influence of the student’s major school of study, academic performance, and participation in curricular and co-curricular offerings such as retreats, service learning and volunteering was explored. In general, these factors produce positive effects on most mission-related dimensions, though the specific relationships vary. Additional questions and ideas for further research are discussed.
@article{19lorozpatil,bibtex_show={true},author={Loroz and Sue, Peggy and Patil, Vivek H.},title={Mission-related Outcomes Assessment at a Jesuit Catholic University},journal={Journal of Jesuit Business Education},volume={10},number={July},pages={114-139},year={2019}}
2014
Identification of Influential Marketing Scholars and their Institutions Using Social Network Analysis
This article uses measures of centrality from social network theory to identify influential marketing scholars and their institutions, who can serve as potential change agents for the field. It also develops interactive visualizations of two networks, one of marketing scholars and another of their institutions.
@article{14patil,bibtex_show={true},title={ Identification of Influential Marketing Scholars and their Institutions Using Social Network Analysis},author={Patil, Vivek H.},journal={Journal of Marketing Analytics},volume={2},year={2014},pages={239-249},doi={10.1057/jma.2014.20},url={https://doi.org/10.1057/jma.2014.20}}
Outcomes Assessment for Mission: Measuring the Impact of Jesuit Education
@article{14patillorozliu,bibtex_show={true},author={Patil and H., Vivek and Loroz, Peggy Sue and Liu, Richie},title={Outcomes Assessment for Mission: Measuring the Impact of Jesuit Education},journal={Journal of Jesuit Business Education},volume={5},number={1},pages={15-33},year={2014}}
2013
The Impact of Consumption Hassle on Pricing Schedules
Joseph, Kissan, Ramanathan Subramaniam, and Vivek Patil
A curious phenomenon in the retail pricing of many product categories (e.g., tuna, frozen orange juice, and tomato paste) is the existence of quantity surcharges. A related curiosity is the existence of both discounts and surcharges within the same product category. To explain the former phenomenon, extant research invokes heterogeneity in consumption parameters, heterogeneity in search costs, or concern for retail price image. To the best of our knowledge, there is no received explanation for the latter phenomenon. We add to this rich stream of work by proposing a novel explanation for quantity surcharges. Our explanation is based on the notion of consumption hassle. We analyze a market that is heterogeneous in a hedonic parameter that influences valuations as well as the effective cost of the consumption hassle. We then derive consumer choices (small pack, large pack, or two small packs) taking into account Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC) constraints. In the absence of consumption hassle, we obtain two segments with one purchasing the small pack and the other purchasing the large pack. Moreover, the optimal pricing for the seller involves quantity discounts. However, with the introduction of consumption hassle, the market potentially splits into three segments: one purchasing the small pack, another purchasing two small packs, and the third purchasing the large pack. Moreover, the optimal pricing for the seller involves quantity surcharges. Overall, our analytical findings offer an additional explanation for the phenomenon of quantity surcharges. More importantly, they offer a rationale for the existence of multiple pricing schedules within the same product category by explicitly recognizing variations in consumption hassle.
@article{13josephramapatil,bibtex_show={true},title={The Impact of Consumption Hassle on Pricing Schedules},author={Joseph and Kissan and Subramaniam, Ramanathan and Patil, Vivek},year={2013},journal={Managerial and Decision Economics},volume={34},number={1},pages={1-14},url={https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wly:mgtdec:v:34:y:2013:i:1:p:1-14}}
2010
The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Public Health: A Note on Parallel Analysis as a Factor Retention Criterion
Patil, Vivek H., Matthew Q. McPherson, and Daniel Friesner
Purpose.Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify latent factors for public health interventions. The most popular factor retention criterion, the eigenvalue greater than one (EVG1) rule, leads to the retention of more factors than warranted. The use of parallel analysis (PA) as a factor retention criterion is recommended.Design.Environmental factors that are likely to affect the propensity of individuals to walk are identified. Results from PA are compared with those obtained by using the EVG1 rule.Setting.Telephone survey data were collected from three communities (spanning 12 counties) in the Appalachian region.Participants.The sample was composed of adults between the ages of 40 and 65 years. There were 1019 completed surveys.Measures.The data on 14 variables, including measures of neighborhood safety, beauty, and access to walking facilities were collected.Analysis.A principal components analysis was performed. The factors retained after using the EVG1 rule were compared with the factors retained after using PA. Varimax rotation was used to aid factor interpretation.Results.The EVG1 rule led to the retention of nearly twice the number of latent factors as did the PA criterion.Conclusion.The use of the EVG1 rule in research may mislead policy makers to focus on trivial interventions. They are urged to use PA to obtain more parsimonious and externally valid interventions.
@article{patilmattfriesner,bibtex_show={true},author={Patil and H., Vivek and McPherson, Matthew Q. and Friesner, Daniel},title={The Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Public Health: A Note on Parallel Analysis as a Factor Retention Criterion},journal={American Journal of Health Promotion},volume={24},number={3},pages={178-181},year={2010},doi={10.4278/ajhp.08033131},url={
https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.08033131
},eprint={
https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.08033131
}}
2008
Efficient theory development and factor retention criteria: Abandon the ‘eigenvalue greater than one’ criterion
Patil, Vivek H., Surendra N. Singh, Sanjay Mishra, and D. Todd Donavan
Other things being equal, a theory with fewer constructs is preferable over others. In exploratory factor analysis, a common method used in theory development, the most popular factor retention criterion used in marketing is the eigenvalue greater than one rule. Its use often results in over extraction, which leads to the development of less than parsimonious theories. Even the use of confirmatory factor analysis fails to detect the presence of these superfluous constructs. Although several more accurate criteria exist, they are not discussed in major marketing research texts, journals, and popular statistical software packages. In this paper, we appraise popular factor retention practices in marketing, demonstrate how they may lead to the development of inefficient theories, draw attention to a number of resources for choosing appropriate retention criteria, and develop an easy-to-use Web-based engine to effortlessly implement one such method, parallel analysis.
@article{2008patiletal,bibtex_show={true},author={Patil and H., Vivek and Singh, Surendra N. and Mishra, Sanjay and Donavan, D. Todd},title={{Efficient theory development and factor retention criteria: Abandon the `eigenvalue greater than one' criterion}},journal={Journal of Business Research},year={2008},volume={61},number={2},pages={162-170},month=feb,issn={0148-2963},doi={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.008},url={https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829630700152X}}
2005
A Communications View of Web Page Perception
Singh, Surendra N., Nikunj Dalal, Sanjay Mishra, and Vivek H. Patil
Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising Feb 2005
This paper develops a model to measure people’s perception of web pages based on the premise that the World Wide Web is a persuasive technology intentionally designed to change a person’s attitudes and behaviors. The model, derived from the persuasion literature, particularly appraisal theory and the affect-as-information model, assumes that feelings induced by a web page directly influence its evaluations and the behavioral intentions (BI) of users. The model also postulates that the attitude toward the web page (Awp) will mediate the effects of feelings and evaluations on BI. In two studies, it is demonstrated that this model and measures based on it provide a psychometrically valid system of eliciting user reactions to web pages. The implications of this model and a number of future research issues are discussed.
@article{2005singhetal,bibtex_show={true},author = {Singh and N., Surendra and Dalal, Nikunj and Mishra, Sanjay and Patil, Vivek H.},title = {A Communications View of Web Page Perception},journal = {Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising},volume = {27},number = {1},pages = {31-52},year = {2005},publisher = {Routledge},doi = {10.1080/10641734.2005.10505172},url = { https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2005.10505172},eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2005.10505172}}
We observe a great deal of heterogeneity in the manner in which author orderings are assigned both across and within academic markets. To better understand this phenomenon, we develop and analyze a stochastic model of author orderings. In our model, authors work equally hard to obtain priority in listings but final contributions are stochastic. Further, research outlets differ in their quality hurdles. In this setting, our simulation results are consistent with two empirical regularities. First, we find that the rate of alphabetization increases with the stringency with which papers are accepted for publication. Second, conditional on clearing the publication hurdle, quality increases with alphabetization. These findings arise because increases in the publication hurdle make it more likely that authors will exceed this threshold only when both contribute a high amount. This, in turn, leads to roughly equal contributions (alphabetization) and also generates a positive correlation between alphabetization and quality.
@article{2005Josephlabandpatil,bibtex_show={true},issn={00384038},url={http://www.jstor.org/stable/20062059},author={Joseph and Kissan and Laband, David N. and Patil, Vivek},journal={Southern Economic Journal},number={3},pages={545--555},publisher={Southern Economic Association},title={Author Order and Research Quality},volume={71},year={2005}}